1485 - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

This page relates to the year 1485 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Diego Caõ, of return to the Congo, facilitates the exchange of ambassadors between the Portugal and the kingdom of Kongo. It returns in the area in 1487.

Japan: New jacqueries with the Yamashiro (area of Kyôto).
India: Yusuf Adil Shah, brother of the Othoman Mehmed II, fleeing the Ottoman Empire after having escaped with the fratricide, would have seized the throne of Bijâpur, melting the dynasty of the Adilchahides.
the dynasty of Sâluva seizes the throne of Vijayanâgara.
Jean II of Portugal informs officially the pope that its ships leave to open the sea route of the Indies.

June 1st: Mathias Corvin of Hungary removes Vienna, the High and the Low-Austria with Frederic III (fine in 1490). He proclaims his illegitimate son Jean Corvin, born in 1473, like his successor with the throne.
June 18th: Guillaume of the Mark is overcome and decapitated by Maximilien of Austria: the ecclesiastical principality of Liege is independent.
August 21st: Catch of Tver.

Michel de Tver, after having recognized the suzerainty of Moscow, sign a secret treaty of alliance with Casimir IV of Poland and Lithuania. Ivan III of Moscow discovers the existence of the pact and walk on Tver. Michel flees in Lithuania. Tver goes without resistance and is integrated at the Muscovite State (August 21st).

October 14th: The pope Innocent VIII goes interdependent of the revolted barons of Naples and declares the war with Ferdinand Ier of Naples.

Maximilien of Austria makes diffuse the Recueil of the complaints of the German nation against Rome .
Revolt of Ghent.
Revolt of the barons against the Aragonese capacity in the Kingdom of Naples (fine in 1487). Overcome, they must pay heavy fines which enrich the royal treasure.
Forty and a witches is burned with Like, in Lombardy.

the court of the Inquisition of Ciudad Real is transferred to Tolède. The Conversos of the city foment a plot to prevent it from taking up duty, but he is thwarted (June 2nd).
June 11th: Catch of Marbella by Ferdinand II of Aragon.
September 15th: Conversos of Saragossa assassinate in the cathedral Inquisiteur Pedro de Arbués, then are run away with Tudela in Navarre. In spite of the pressure of the king of Aragon, kings de Navarre Jean and Catherine d' Albret do not deliver the culprits, make them save by north, and persuade the alcalde of Tudela to go to make amend with Saragossa and to pay the court. Despite everything, this one persecutes the families converse Santangel and Sanchez, the principal ones accused. One burns in effigy those which were run away, one burns really those which one can seize.

January 17th: In the “insane War”, Louis II of Orleans tries to raise the Parisian ones in its favor and the noble ones of Brittany revolt against the king.
February 3rd: Louis II of Orleans takes refuge with Alençon.
March 12th: with Évreux, Louis II of Orleans makes his tender with the king.
June 25th: Arrest of Pierre Landais, principal adviser of the duke François II of Brittany, for misappropriation and the death of Chauvinistic Guillaume. He is hung the July 25th.
September 22nd:

Louis II of Orleans is submitted once again to Charles VIII, after the seat of Beaugency.
Creation of the sovereign Parliament of Valves. Legal independence of the Duchy of Brittany with respect to the Parliament of Paris.

Henri Tudor, the last downward of the Lancaster, unloads with the Wales.
5 - August 7th: Epidemic of Suette.
August 22nd: The king of England, unpopular the Richard III is killed with the Bataille of Bosworth; its death and the defeat of its camp puts an end to the Guerre Two-Pinks, and has as a consequence the advent of Henri VII of England, which devotes the victory of the Tudor. (end of the reign in 1509).
November 7th: Henri Tudor is recognized king by the Parlement and founds the dynasty of the Tudors. It must fight against the large lords to sit his authority: it uses acts known as “of attainder” to dispossess the noble unsubmissive people and it creates a Supreme court, the Star Chamber , to judge without recourse those which plot against public peace (1487). It introduces “guarantees of good behaviors”, goods which the aristocrats must pay very expensive, and prohibits the possession of private armed forces. It narrowly controls the capacity of the sheriffs and the judges off peace in the counties and that of the municipal assemblies in the cities.

Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley becomes advisers of the king Henri VII of England.

Edition of a Hebraic Bible in characters with Hijar, by Jewish under the impulse of the cardinal Juan de Torquemada.
the count Peak of Mirandole and the Jew Élie del Medigo leave Padoue for Florence. Medigo translated for the count of the philosophical works of the Hebrew into Latin.

Bethsabée with the bath , fabric of Hans Memling.
Madonna with the Child between two saints and Birth of Venus of Sandro Botticelli.
the Scenes of the life of saint François (Santa Trinità, Florence), Worship of the Shepherds , retable (Santa Trinità, Florence) and Scenes of the life of the Virgin and saint Jean-Baptiste (1485 - 1490, chorus of Santa Maria Novella, Florence), paintings of Domenico Ghirlandaio.
Bellini paints the Retable of San Giobbe.
Edition of Of Re aedificatoria (written starting from 1445) treated in ten volumes on the role of architecture in the social life (inspired of Vitruve and dedicated to Laurent de Médicis) by Leon Battista Alberti.

the Flemish type-setter Heinrich Isaac resides at Florence, where he is member of the Cantori di San Giovanni , choral society profiting from the patronage of the family of Médicis. He teaches then the music with the children of Laurent Splendid the and composes of many parts (songs, masses and motets).

Discovered in 1960, with the departmental records of the the Gironde, of a hydrographic chart of Atlantic Africa drawn about 1485 by Pedro Reinel. It describes with precision the layout of the coasts of the Europe and the Africa up to the extreme point reached by Diego Caõ beyond the gulf of Guinea.
the Caraque, derived from the hull (kogge), developed seems you he by Biscayens, becomes the ordinary trading vessel of the ocean and the Mediterranean.
A hundred and ten Printing works S in Europe, including fifty in Italy. Last nine workshops of Printing works in France.

At the conclusion of the War of the Two-Pinks, from many chalk-linings of the English aristocracy disappeared and their strongholds turn over to the crown which controls 20% of the English ground thus.
Henri VII of England succeeds in giving to monarchy solid financial bases (return to the field of the strongholds in déshérence, fines and confiscation, customs duties). It can do without the Parlement which is convened only 7 times between 1485 and 1506.
Actes of Navigation (1485 - 1489) which imposes the use of English ships for the transport of the English products.

the English landowners start to enclose their grounds with hedges (Enclosure S).
Edict reserving for noble the cloths silk trade bordered of gold.

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