This page relates to the year 1455 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Africa

• January 8th: The pope Nicolas VI, by a special bubble with the king of the Portugal Alphonse V ( bubble Romanus Pontifex ), authorizes retrospectively the conquest of the Guinea and allows the Traite Blacks to the king of Portugal. He encourages the combat and the tender of the Moors and others incroyants met during forwardings.

• the navigator génois Uso di Mare goes up the river Gambia to find gold and pearls there but is constrained to turn back in front of the hostility of the sinners. With 70 places from there, it meets a negro prince and adds that there are not 300 miles to go this place at the borders of the kingdom of the Prêtre Jean. It finds a compatriot, descendant so that it believes of the sailors of the crew of the galères of the brothers Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi, authors of one forwarding at the end of the 13th century.

America

• Construction of the Aztec pyramids .

Asia

• Anxious of its autocratic intentions, feudal the Mongolian Oïrat and reverse the khan Yésen and kill it. The Mongolia knows one period of anarchy. The Mongolian lords make themselves independent of large the khan which reigns nominally with Karakorum.
• the exchanges cease between the China and the Mongolia.

The close East

• Beginning of the reign of Abu Saïd, Persian sultan timouride of (fine in 1469).

Western Europe

• April 8th: Beginning of the Pontificate of Calixte III (fine in 1458).

• Taken again disorders with Rome carried out by the family Borgia under the pontificate of Calixte III (Alphonse Borgia).
• May 22nd: Richard of York, helped by his/her brother-in-law Warwick, revolts (pink white) and overcomes Edmond Beaufort (red rose) with the First battle of Saint-Albans. He becomes “protective kingdom”.
• Beginning of the War of the Two-Pinks, crisis of succession in England (fine in 1485), started by the defeats of the War One hundred Year old, the government of Suffolk and the too strong influence of the queen Marguerite of Anjou. Richard of York, become protective of the kingdom, is opposed to Henry VI of Lancaster, king legitimate.
• October 2nd: The Diet of Neustadt approves the principle of a crusade against the Turks, after the catch of Constantinople by the sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror the May 29th 1453.

France

• November 7th: Beginning of the lawsuit of rehabilitation of Jeanne d' Arc, informed by Estouteville and Longueuil.

Eastern Europe

• June 9th: Peace enters the Moldavie and the Ottoman Empire: the Othoman trade opens to the merchants Cetatea Alba.
• Following a naval campaign on the mouths of the the Danube, the Othoman combined with the Tatars subject the Moldavian littoral. The voïévode of Moldavie Petru Aron must pay an annual tribute of 2000 ducats gold to the Othoman sultan (October 5th).

• September: Jean Hunyadi invades the Valachie and obliges its prince Vladislav II to accept the new devaluated Hungarian currency.

• the pontifical fleet under the command of a cardinal is overcome by the Turks in Aegean Sea.
• the Turkish army takes Phocée with the republic of Genoa.
• New Turkish forwarding of plundering to Rhodos.

Arts & cultures

• June 5th: François Villon kills Philippe Sermoise, a priest who would have caused it; wounded itself, it is made bandage under the name of Michel Mouton and leaves Paris, where it returns only in 1456 after having obtained letters of remission under his true name.

• Alluvium , of François Villon.

• Chronic of Tver . The author criticizes the ambition of Moscow.

• the painter Florentin Paolo Uccello begins its Bataille of San Romano .

• Construction of the pontifical apartments to the the Vatican.
• Construction of the palate Bardo (Palazzo Venezia) in Rome (end in 1471).
• the Prayer with the Garden of the painter Andrea Mantegna.

Sciences and technology

• February 23rd: The Bible of Gutenberg is the first book printed with mobile metal characters. It comprises 42 lines per page.

Economy & company

• Arrived of first African spices at the Portugal (Malaguette).
• Venice builds the “ Loggia ”, Produce exchange located on Rialto.

Births in 1455

Death in 1455

• February 18th: Guido says Pietro known as FRA Angelico, painter Italian with Rome.
• April 1st: Zbigniew Oleśnicki, monk and Polish statesman, bishop of Cracow of 1423 until its death, regent of the Kingdom of Poland during the minority of the king Ladislas III Jagellon, cardinal first Polish in 1449. (° December 5th 1389).
• May 22nd: Edmond Beaufort, count de Somerset, killed with the First battle of St-Albans.
• February 1st: Lorenzo Ghiberti (born in 1378 or 1381), sculptor, goldsmith and Florentin architect.

• nonwell informed or unknown Dates :
• About 1455: Antonio Pisano, known as Pisanello, painter, medaillist and Italian, last miniaturist representing international Gothic style.

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