1449

This page relates to the year 1449 Calendrier Julien.

Events

In the Yunnan, end of the wars between the Dynasty Ming and the Shan S (begun in 1436). No belligerent carried it.

Yésen, khan of the Oïrat, being seen refusing the hand of a Chinese infante, devastation the border of the Shanxi and Hebei. The emperor ming Zhengtong walk against him but his army is destroyed with Xuanhua. The emperor is made prisoner the September 8th. Oïrats camp in front of Beijing. Yésen ends up slackening the emperor. It makes peace in 1453.

January 18th: The last antipape Amédée VIII of Savoy makes its tender with Nicolas V which names it cardinal and legate in Savoy (April 7th).
April 19th: The Concile of Basle recognizes Nicolas V like pope.
April 25th: End of the Council of Basle (beginning in 1431).
July 3rd: The king d' Écosse Jacques II wife Marie d' Egmont, girl of Arnold d' Egmont, duke of Gueldre, and Catherine de Clèves, niece of Philippe '' the Good '', duke of Burgundy, with which it will have seven children.
November 20th: Charles Knutsson, supported by the archbishop of Nidarós, is made crown king of Norway. But the prelate dies shortly after. Christian unloads in Norway in June 1450 and is made crown king by a German bishop (fine in 1481).

Charles Knutsson tries to solve the question of the Gotland, disputed between the Denmark and the Sweden. The war begins again between the two countries (fine in 1457).

Ravenne loses its independence with the profit of Venice (stranding of the port).

May 20th: Died of Pedro, uncle of Alphonse V of Portugal, victim of a trap organized by the king himself with Alfarrobeira.

has Tolède, Alvaro de Luna orders the floatation of a loan of 1 000 000 of Maravédis to defend the border. Measurement causes the resistance of the population, preached by two canons, against the tax collectors Marranes. A Suplicación is sent to the king Jean II (May 2nd). An emergency court meets to discuss right of the Conversos to occupy of the public offices, and pronounces, in spite of the opposition of the clergy, the Sententia Estatuto (June 5th). The Conversos are declared inapt to occupy a load or to testify against to the Christians. The pope condemns the Sentence by bubbles in September 1449 and 1451, and excommunicates those which one makes promulgate.
Wanting to be the only Master of the kingdom, Alvaro de Luna moves away the Conversos which occupy of the stations of administration (statute of Limpieza of sangre ), and asks for to the pope Nicolas V bubbles of extradition against them, forty years before measurements of the Inquisition.

March 23rd: Rupture of the truce enters France and England. An adventurer with the pay of the English, François de Surienne, seizes the Breton city of Fougères.
May 26th: Schedule Charles VII exempting size whoever would come to live Paris or its suburbs to repopulate the city. He on the other hand cancels the commission allowed previously to the third of the assistances (indirect taxes).
August 6th: Resumption of the war against the England. Jacques Cœur subsidizes the reconquest of the Normandy. Dunois and the duke of Brittany leads the operation.

September 15th: The inhabitants of Saint-Lo open all large the doors of their city to the soldiers liberators of Charles VII, and it is in the shade of its ramparts that the Connétable of Richemont gathers the troops which will ensure the victory of Formigny.
October 29th: Talbot capitulates with Rouen.
November 10th: Solemn entry of the king Charles VII in Rouen released.
December 8th: Sit of Harfleur.

January 6th: Crowning of Constantin XI Paleologist, last Byzantine emperor, with Mistra (fine in 1453).
October 12th: Bogdan II Muşat drives out the prince Alexandre II of Moldavie, combined of the king of Poland, with the support of Jean Hunyadi. He becomes prince of Moldavie (fine in 1451).

On the request for Vassili II, the Russian prelates exhort Dimitri Chemiaka to give up his claims on Moscow under penalty of excommunication.

Casimir IV of Poland, threatened by Michel, wire of the large-duke Sigismond of Lithuania, sign a treaty with Vassili II of Moscow.

: Laurent de Médicis (known as the Splendid one), king (Italian) of Florence († 1492)
Aldo Manuce, Venetian and inventive printer of the Italic

October 27th: Ulugh Beg, prince Astronomer, Mathematician and Sultan of the Empire Timuride, close to Samarkand in Ouzbékistan (° 1394 with Sultaniya in Iran).

Be-X-old: 1449 Map-bms: 1449

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