1445

This page relates to the year 1445 Calendrier Julien.

Events

the Portuguese navigator Denis Dias reaches the Cape Verde and discovers the mouth of the river Senegal.

the Portuguese base a foreign post on the island Arguin. Henri the Navigator makes an agreement with the Arab tradesmen: the caravel S Portugueses obtain a decennial monopoly. One exchanges Blé and fabrics against Or and slaves.

the Ethiopian king Zara Yacoub beats the sultans of Ifat and Adal in Gomit, putting fine at the fights between Christians and Moslems in Ethiopia.

January 9th: A royal decree prescribes the reorganization and the purification of the royal army.
May 26th: Schedule of Louppy-le-Châtel. Creation by Charles VII of the first permanent troops (the Companies of ordinance) in France, ancestors of the French regular armies.
the troops of the dolphin Louis, ghost of Swiss and High-Alsace (spring), devastate the Burgundy.

Forwarding of the Burgundian fleet on the the Danube with the research of the king Ladislas III Jagellon and of the cardinal Cesarini whom one says still alive (Walerand de Wavrin, Regnauld de Comfide, Jacot de Thoisy, the Venetian cardinal Condulmieri, accompanied by the Wallachian forces by Mircea). It besieges Silistra (Dristra), Turtucaia, Giurgiu and Rusciuc. Arrived in front of Nicopolis (September 12th), it makes its junction with Jean Hunyadi which decides to raise the seat and to make pass the Danube to the troops to the confluence of the river Jiu. The troops of the sultan are withdrawn and Hunyadi refuses to continue them (October 1st).
has Rusciuc, Vlad Dracul accommodates in Valachie 12 000 Tziganes come from Bulgaria.

the prince of Moscow Vassili II, overcome by the Mongolian of Kazan, is made prisoner and must pay a very strong ransom. Important concessions are made to the princes tatars.
the khan of the Horde of Gold Ulu Muhammad, wire of Djalal-AD-DIN, grandson of Togtamich is declared independent (end in 1446).

Gutenberg prints its Bible, first European printed book.
humanistic the slavon Jean Vitéz de Sredna is named bishop of Nagyvarad-Oradea (Hungary) by his friend Jean Hunyadi.
Jean Fouquet paints his Portrait of Charles VII .

the painter Jean Fouquet visit Rome and Florence, binds with Filarete and probably becomes acquainted with FRA Angelico, assimilating the recent theories on the perspective formulated by Alberti (1445 - 1448).

FRA Angelico is destined for Rome by the pope Eugene IV to paint frescos on the vault of the Blessed Sacrament of the the Vatican, now destroyed.
Retable of Santa Lucia dei Magnoli of Domenico Veneziano in Florence. Piero della Francesca painted baptism of Christ . Paolo Uccello painted the flood (fine in 1447).

March 1st: Sandro Filipepi known as Botticelli , Italian painter, with Florence.
Pietro Vannucci, known as Pérugin , Italian painter, with Perugia (approximate date).

July 15th: Jeanne Beaufort, wife of the king Jacques Ier of Scotland. (° v. 1407).
August 2nd: Oswald von Wolkenstein, Austrian poet (born in 1367).
Robert Campin, known as the “Master of Flémalle”, painter hainuyer

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