1444

This page relates to the year 1444 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Beginning of the first Othoman sultanate of Mehmed II Al Fatih (the Conqueror) following the abdication of Murad II (fine in 1446, then 1451 - 1481).

the Cap Verde is reached by the Portuguese Dioniz Diás. Discovered Guinea and island of Gorée, which they baptize “Palma”.
Début of the Treats Blacks with the Portugal. Two hundred and forty slaves are sold with Lagos. During second half of the century, Portugal would have imported 140 000 Black slaves.
Foundation of the company of Lagos: it inaugurates a triangular trade between the Portugal (manufactured fabrics, objects), the Morocco and the the Azores (corn, horses) and the Guinea (gold, slaves).

Vlad Dracul, prince of Valachie captive of the Othoman since 1442 recovers its throne with the beginning of the year. Its sons Vlad and Radu are sent as an hostage to the sultan Murat II.
March 2nd: Revolt of the Albanians of Georges Kastrioti (Skanderbeg).
Victoire of the Hungarians of Jean Hunyadi in Serbia and Bulgaria.
July 10th: Murat II must sign a peace unfavorable to Szeged with the crusaders, concluded for ten years. It accepts the re-establishment of the Serb despot Georges Brankovic and slackens his influence on the Valachie. He abdicates in favor of his son. But the Christians break the truce suddenly, hoping for the support of a Venetian fleet, and invade the Bulgaria (September 1st).
November 10th: Battle of Varna, in Bulgaria, opposing the allied forces of the Christians, led by the king of Poland and Hungary Ladislas III Jagellon, who will find death there, to the Othoman armies of the sultan Murat II, which gains the victory.

Vis-a-vis the Turkish threat, the Morée and the Albania are put under the protection of Venice.
the Byzantine Empire is limited to the enclosure of Constantinople.
Failure of a first seat of Rhodos by the Mamelukes.
the emperor Frederic III refuses to deliver the young king of Hungary Ladislas V and crowns it. During the vacancy of the crown (1444 - 1452), the diets take part in the administration of the country at the sides of the Council of the barons.
First mention of the Cossacks in the Russian chronicles.

the seneshal Pierre de Brézé, appointed count of Evreux, control surface the kingdom by its ascending on Agnes Sorel, mistress of the king. The council of the king, directed by Dunois, is made up almost exclusively of commoners (Jacques Cœur, Jean Bureau, Etienne Chevalier, Guillaume Cousinot, Jouvenel of Ursins, Guillaume d' Estouteville, Tancarville, Blainville, Beauvau and the Machet marshal). France records and knows prosperity.
May 22nd: Franco-English Truces of Turns. Peace is signed for two years. Extensions in extensions, it will last until in 1449.
June 4th: The new whole Parliament of Toulouse, created by Charles VII the previous year, settles in a room of the Narbonnais castle.
Alliance of Frederic III with the king of France Charles VII.
July 20th: The dolphin Louis takes the command of the army intended to fight against the Suisse S in High-Alsace.
August 26th: Louis gains the victory of Pratteln over the Swiss ones, then moves against Basle.
September 26th: treaty of Ensisheim negotiated by the Louis dolphin with the Swiss ones.
September: Beginning of a long strike of the University of Paris (end in March 1445).
November 11th: Solemn return of the Parliament of Toulouse, first Parliament created in province.

the inhabitants of Épinal (1444 - 1463), of Toul and Metz are given to king de France.
Agnès Sorel puts at the world Marie de Valois.
All royal tolls are abolished on the the Seine and its affluents.

April 18th: Pontifical bubble authorizing the foundation of the sicilian university of Catane.
the Dominicain Capreolus works out the doctrines of the “mental reservation”.
Konrad Witz painted miraculous fishing first German landscape according to nature.
the painter Petrus Christus settles with Bruges.
Paolo Uccello carries out with Florence the paperboards of a series of stained glasses, of which one, the Résurrection , is today always places from there (fine in 1445).
Construction of the Médicis Palate to Florence.
the Chancelier Rollin makes build the Hospice of Beaune.

Gutenberg improves ink of Imprimerie and allows by there the recto-back impression.
Descriptio urbis Romae , detailed plan of the town of Rome drawn up by Leon Battista Alberti.

March 11th: Donato di Pascuccio di Antonio says Bramante, architect and Italian painter.

May 20th: Bernardin of His, preacher Franciscain (° 1380)
July 8th: Pietro Paolo Vergerio the Old one, humanistic Italian (° 1370)
September 23rd: Jean-François Gonzague de Mantoue, noble Italian, marquis de Mantoue (° 1395, 49 years)
November 10th

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