13 (number)

In mathematics

Thirteen is the smaller 6^e Prime number, the following is 17. 13 are a prime number of Wilson. 13 are the fifth exhibitor first of Mersenne, giving 8.191. 13 is also the third Prime number lucky.

13 are a prime number twin with 11.

13 are a prime number cousin with 17.

In Bibi-binary base , its notation is DA.

Thirteen is a Prime number super-singular.

13 are a spangled Nombre and the seventh number of Fibonacci.

There exist 13 solid of Archimedes and 13 solid of polyhedral Catalan their duaux, without counting the forms énantiomorphes.

999.999 divided by 13 gives 76.923 exactly, which involves that the Fraction S whose Dénominateur is 13 have a group of six digits which repeats itself in their development Décimal.

For example: $\ frac {24} {13}$ = 1, 846153 8461538461538461538461538…

To 13, the Fonction of Mertens fixes a new low value at -3, then value -4 for the number 31.

The thirteenth Root of a number of 100 digits or of a number of 200 digits is the category of record of mental calculation of the most known root because 13 are the first prime number superior with 10 such as the last figure of a power of 13 whole is always the same one as the last figure of its thirteenth root of a number of 100 digits or a number of 200 digits.

A number lucky, unlucky person or significant

Thirteen is regarded as a Nombre unlucky person in certain beliefs. A ill-considered fear of number 13 is named Triskaidékaphobie. Because of this one, certain large buildings avoided naming the “thirteenth stage”, simply by renumbering it “14” (although there remains always the thirteenth stage) or by indicating the stage by “12a” or something of similar to the place. In the same spirit, there is no car 13 in competition of Formule 1. Thirteenth the one month day is also threatening, particularly when it falls one Friday (see Friday the 13th ). On the other hand, it is a lucky number for the Italians (e.g.: the sporting Lotto Italian Totocalcio : thirteen results of matches).

In the Code of Hammourabi, one of the oldest legal text, there does not exist article 13.

Among certain people Chinese, it is seen as a lucky Nombre because it is Homonyme of “實生”, which wants to say “owes living being”, but the Chinese and the people of the East Asia are more afraid of the number 4 which for them decides " mort". But this belief is not universal, or even known of all Chinese who see into 13 an unlucky person number by the influence of the foreign cultures.

In the Christian religion, the number is regarded as significant since thirteen present ago at the time of the Cène. Also, if Judas and Saint Matthieu is counted, there were thirteen Apôtre S. Thirteen was also associated with the Épiphanie by the Christians, the Christ child had received the Magi the thirteenth day of its life.

In the New Testament, chapter 13 is that of the Antéchrist and the Animal.

At our time, the Sorcière S asserted number 13 as being lucky and significant. This can be close to the witches adopting of other terms and ideas previously negative associated with the world of sorcery, such as the black cats, the brushes, and even the term witch itself.

Origin of the superstition on number 13

The many incidences of number 13 in various fields temporal, religious, historical or mathematical seem to explain the mysterious character and the superstitions surrounding this number:

In the Christian religions, figure 13 is a symbol following an interpretation of Holy Cène where Jesus had brought together the twelve Apostles around him, the thirteenth person, Judas, being the traitor who will lead Jesus to dead by crucifixion, figure 13 was associated with misfortunes and the sufferings of Jesus.

The phobia of number 13 could come from Antiquity. With, Philippe II of Macedonia, had the idea to add his statue to that of the 12 Gods. Unfortunately for him, he was assassinated little time afterwards.

Mem, the thirteenth Hebrew letter of the alphabet, would be connected with death.

The same applies to tarot, where the thirteenth mystery represents a skeleton mowing.

The Maya and Aztec calendars comprised twenty month at thirteen days these companies disappeared from the continuations of the Spanish invasion of the 16th century.

The thirteen follows the figure twelve, number symbolizing achievement and completed cycle and very symbolic system in Christian mythology or it is a " number; saint". 12 months ago in the year, 12 hours the day and 12 the night; there are 12 signs of the zodiac, 12 gods in Olympe, 12 work of Hercules, 12 tribes of Israel and 12 apostles of Jesus. The number is divisible by 2,3,4, or 6 whereas 13 are divisible only by 1 or by itself only. Thirteen is rather source of imbalance and fall into a portion opposite from divine, and marks a fatal evolution towards death, towards the completion of a power and an achievement.

Friday the 13th The origin of the superstition could come from a Scandinavian legend. Friday was the name of Frigga, the goddess of the love and the fertility. When the Scandinavian and Germanic tribes convert with Christianity, Frigga is banished, sent to the top of a mountain and considered as a witch. Since, each Friday, the goddess full with resentment would convene eleven witches and the devil (they are thus thirteen!) to plot nasty tricks to be played during the following week. Remain that, in Antiquity, Friday was one day devoted to the goddess of the love, whether it is called Aphrodite, Venus or Frigga. This day was thus regarded as merriest of the week. In addition, today still, Friday seems to be one day of chance for certain people and religious communities.

According to certain biblists, it would be as Friday as Eve and Adam would have crunched in prohibited apple.

In other fields

In France, in the superstitions, number 13 is generally regarded as negative, contrary to the figures 3 and 7.

Thirteen is:

13 concerts in Bercy by Mylène Farmer Before shade…
the age of the beginning of the Adolescence
the Atomic number of the Aluminum, a poor Metal.
the number of breads in a “Dozen baker”, in the Anglo-Saxon culture.
the code ASCII and Unicode for the Carriage return.
“Unlucky person for some”, in the vocabulary of the Bingo.
the number of dimensions in certain theories of relativity.
the number of players in a team of an alternative of Rugby.
the age of maturity in the Jewish tradition. A boy obtains his Bar Mitsva the Sabbat according to his thirteenth birthday.
the number of degrees of the Pyramid on the back of the American ticket of 1 $.
the number of colonies of origin of the the United States. The original Drapeau had thirteen stars, for each State. New stars were added since, when a new State joined the union, but the idea to add bands for the new States to summer given up, thus the American flag to date has thirteen horizontal bands, six white and seven reds.
the number of stars on the Valaisan flag , each one representing a district.
the 13th moon of Jupiter is Élara.
the number on the tattooing of the Hells Angels which refers to the letter M, for “Marijuana”.
With the Rugby, one of the centers, more often, but not always the external center, carries the n°13.
historical Years: -13, 13, or 1913.
the n° of the French Department of the Rhone delta.
the number of years of Marriage of the weddings of lily of the valley.
the number of the French highway A13 which starts from Paris (Door of Auteuil) to reach Caen. It is called Autoroute of Normandy .
a Bière brewed in Marseilles
the number of desserts at the time of Christmas in Provence
the number of people with table during the Cène
Durée of the week Aztèque
the thirteenth chart of the Tarot of Marseilles symbolizes the Mort
the name of a cartoon of William Vance and Jean Van Hamme published at Dargaud whose hero is an amnesic in the search of his identity.
the number quoted in the film " the 13 {{E}} warlike ".
the number quoted in the curse thrown by the last templier (Jacques de Molay): " Be cursed until the 13th génération". However, it there no certainty of these dires, and if they were not invented and that it is not a question there of a simple legend, it is extremely probable which they were transformed, packed with time (why precisely " 13" ?).

Internal bonds

the Cord with thirteen nodes, tool of the builders of cathedrals.
XIII, Belgian cartoon.
XIII, the adaptation of this cartoon concerned video.

External bonds

Almanac and dictionary of the numbers (site of Gerard Villemin)
Wiktionnaire
Myth of the Friday the 13th: one e-book complete on this subject.
official site of the thirteenth root

Ru-sib: 13 (число)

Simple: Thirteen Zh-yue: 13

Random links:

Shrike with stringcourse | British tournament of Rugby at XV 1907 | Catholic Encyclopedia | Pierre Gourdon