1297

This page relates to the year 1297 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Asia

• the Burma is recognized like vassal Mongolian empire of China.

• Beginning of the raids of the Khanat de Djaghataï in India (1297, 1299 - 1300, 1303, 1304, 1327). In 1297, Mongolian reaches Kîlî, close to Delhi. The sultan Ala ED-DIN Khiji reinforces the defense force of the Western border.

• eunuque Türk Malik Kafur becomes general of the sultan of Delhi Ala Aldine Khiji.

• Mort of the Malik sultan have-Salih, first Moslem sovereign of Samudra in the north of the island of Sumatra, and perhaps first Moslem king in the archipelago Indonesia N.

The Middle East

• In Iran, Ghazan, after having consolidated its capacity, makes stop and to put at dead by its faithful servants of weapons of the emir Naûroûz and it “clicks” military of Islam (March). Naûroûz must flee. The governor of Herat, Fahr-ED-DIN, the book with Ghazan which makes it kill.

Europe

France

• French Forwardings in Flanders (fine in 1305).
• August 26th: Battle of Furnes, in Western Flanders, that Philippe IV Beautiful the comes to occupy, with the head of its army.
• Taken Lille by the king of France.
• the county of Brittany is set up in Duc He peerage.
• Canonization of Louis IX of France. Lull of the relations between the Saint Sits and the king of France.
• the Guyenne goes back to France.

British Isles

• Edouard Ier of England appendix Scotland but does not succeed in subjecting it completely.
• May: William Wallace is with the head of a Scottish rising which rejète English out of Scotland.
• September 11th: William Wallace beats the Count de Surrey with the Bataille of Stirling Bridge. Edouard Ier must confirm and extend the charters torn off to the king Jean without Ground in 1215.

• the opinion of the English Parliament must be required by the king as regards tax. The petitions approved by the king become laws (right to take initiatives). Between 1297 and 1314, the Parliament meets 14 times to vote subsidies with the king.

Italy

• January 8th: Foundation of the dynasty Grimaldi of Monaco. François Grimaldi, driven out Genoa, takes refuge in Monaco.
• April 4th: Creation by the pope Boniface VIII of the Corsica Kingdom of Sardinia and , allotted to the Aragon.

• the government of Venice becomes oligarchical and aristocratic.
• Serrata del Consiglio (closing of the Great Council) in Venice: the access to the Great Council is reserved to an elite whose ancestors have summers members of them.
• Ravenne becomes a city Gibelin E under the Polenta (fine in 1441).

Portugal

• September 12th: Frontier treaty with the Castille with Alcañices. The Portugal receives a narrow strip of land in the area of Riba Côa. Final fixing of the borders of the kingdom of the Portugal. The language of the area of Oporto becomes official language.

Saint Worsens

• the Eternal Ligue Suisse is recognized by the Germanic emperor Adolphe de Nassau.
• Venceslas II is crowned king of Bohemia.

Arts & cultures

• the wisigothic enclosure of Carcassonne is completely renovated.
• the Italian painter Giotto works with Assise (until in 1299).
• Realization of the stained glasses in greyness of the Notre-Dame Cathedral of Chartres.

Economy & company

• regular Relations by sea between Genoa and Bruges.

Births in 1297

Death in 1297

• Jan Gerbicz, bishop of Poznań.

Be-X-old: 1297 Map-bms: 1297

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