1291

This page relates to the year 1291 Calendrier Julien.

Events

November 29th: Treated Monteagudo where the North Africa is divided into retail parks between the Castille (Morocco) and the Aragon (Tunisia).

Forwarding of the brothers Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi, Génois which seek to reach India by the road of the Atlantic Ocean, while descending the coast from the Morocco. Left in spring 1291, they disappear.

Marco Polo is charged by Kubilai Khan with accompanying in Perse by the sea a Mongolian princess who must marry Arghoun, it-qan by Iran (1291 - 1295). Fourteen vessels leave the China, reach Java, Sumatra then the south of the India. They go up the west coast of India towards the Gujerat to reach Ormuz where Marco Polo learns the death from Arghoun. The young princess will marry the son of the late one. Marco Polo regains Venice in 1295 by Trébizonde and Constantinople.

In Iran, the governor Saïd ED-Daoulé, hates by the Mongolian lords, is removed and put at died by the unknown ones, whereas Arghoun is seriously sick.
March 10th: To died of Arghoun, the large lords of the Empire carry on the throne his/her brother Ghaykhatou, governor of minor Asia seldjoukide (fine in 1295). This one names him also a civilian, Ahmed el-Khâlidi, with the head of the businesses of the State. Orthodoxe Moslem, it allots stations of importance to his co-religionists.

May 18th: The Mamelouk S take Acre, after a 40 day old seat, in spite of the courageous resistance of the military orders, of the quotas capétiens and English, and the reinforcements sent of Cyprus. The citadel, held by the Templiers, falls the May 28th. The last Christian places (Tyr, Sidon, Beirut, Tortose and Castle Pilgrim) capitulate or are evacuated during the summer. They are shaven. The Christians of Occident do not preserve that the base of Cyprus which will be taken by the Turks only in 1571 and the support of the Arménie cilician (conquered by the Egyptians in 1375).

Project of crusade out of Holy Land of Charles II of Naples. Like the Franciscain Fidence de Padoue, he proposes the blockade of Egypt by a fleet, the fusion of the military orders and alliance with the Mongols.

May 10th: Noble the Scot recognize the authority of Edouard Ier of England in the mediation to solve the crisis of succession of Scotland.
June 18th: Beginning of the reign of Jacques II of Aragon (until in 1327).
: Signature of the federal Pact Swiss, which was selected at the 19th century to mark the foundation of the Swiss Confédération. National Festival became the Swiss.
August 22nd: A bubble of the Pope Nicolas IV, gone back to Orvieto, confirming itself a bubble of Célestin III, grants to the monks Saint-Denis the privilege to be subjected to no canonical sanction, emanated of which that it was, except their abbots, without a special license of the sovereign pontiff.
October 1st: By letters, the King de France Philippe IV Beautiful the grants to the town of Cahors the permission of raising and receiving bar or passage for the construction of the New Bridge.
October: Alliance enters the canton of Zurich and the count of Savoy.

Guillaume de Nogaret ensign right to the university of Montpellier.
the Bartomeu Master carries out the tomb of Pierre III of Aragon.
Solomon Ben Carried out, of Valence, becomes official translator of the king Jacques II of Aragon.
Vita nuova , poem of Dante (1291 - 1294).

In France, the bankers and commercial lombards are stopped and held to ransom for wear.

Génois practice a new sea route of the Mediterranean in the Flanders while passing by the Straits of Gibraltar. The Venetian ones make in the same way. The decline of the Foires of Champagne is accentuated.

First example of Bill of exchange. Its use removes any transfer of cash and solves the problem of the exchange.

Lajazzo, in Small Arménie, in the gulf of Alexandrette, becomes the only port officially open to the Christians for the trade with the East.

Sangha, Minister for Finance of Kubilai Khan, condemned to died for embezzlements.
Baydawi, commentator of the Coran (1286 or 1291).

Be-X-old: 1291 Map-bms: 1291 Simple: 1291

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