1285

This page relates to the year 1285 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Beginning of the reign of the usurper Sakoura with the Mali (until in 1303). Freed slave, Sakoura seizes the power in Mali. He restores the order and extends his conquests in country Toucouleur and Songhaï, on the Macina and the Tekrour.

Yagbéa-Syon, successor of Yekouno Amlak, lance a campaign against the Adal. Its success ensures a peace during which it opens its borders with the Moslem merchants and receives in return of the sultan of Egypt Khalil of the concessions to the Holy Lieux and the possibility of making come new a Abouna , the precedent métropolite having died for a long time.

the fights between the Christian Ethiopia and the populations recently Islamized of the south last until in 1445.

the Moslems, already establishes in the islands Dahlac, in the Ifat and the Hadya, then in Somalia and to the Harrar, their preachings extend among the populations of the Afar, of the Aroussi and of the Sidamo, occupy the Argobba. A dynasty of Ethiopian sultans, the Oualashma, appears in the Ifat about 1285 and founds a capital there. Per period, it dominates the new States of Fatajar and Daouaro as well as the Bali where the pilgrimage of Sheik-Hussein close to the mountain of Abou' l-Qasim develops.
In the Christian territories of Ethiopia flows of the Moslem merchants often helped by the Egyptian bishops. Coufic funerary steles were found in Macallé, in Qouïha. More in North, the great pilgrimage of Nagash develops.

the Second forwarding of the Mongolian of Kubilai Khan directed by Toghon against the kingdom of Champâ by the gulf of the Tonkin. It is demolished in front of Hanoi and the dispersed troops are folded up in China. An army of help ordered by Sogatu is crushed by the forces of the kingdom of Annam.

Mongolian Raid on banks of the Indus. The oldest son and preferred of the sultan of Delhi, Muhammad Shâh, occupied to reduce a rebellion of the Sumras Sind, goes to their meeting. Victorious, it is killed in the battle.

April 25th: The sultan Mamelouk Qala' a besieges during five weeks the fortress of Hospital of Marqab. It is taken the May 25th and its defenders are authorized to leave healthy and safe towards Tripoli.
July 29th: Henri II of Cyprus takes Acre in Angevins.
August 15th: Beginning of the reign of Henri II of Cyprus, king of Jerusalem (fine in 1291).

January 6th: Synod of Łęczyca. For contrecarer the progression of the German language, Jakub Świnka, archbishop of Gniezno, makes Polish obligatory, as well in the sermons as in the parochial schools.

Spring: Difficult negotiations between the League of the cities Wendes and the king of Norway to Gullbetshed, close to Lödöse. They do not succeed. They begin again with Kalmar in autumn, arbitrated by the king of Sweden Magnus.
October 31st: the Norwegians must return in Hanséates all the goods put under sequestration, and pour six thousand money marcs of compensation. Hanséates are restored in their old rights and preferences, trade in the country with equality with the Norwegians and can buy all as they wish and to treat as well with local traders, who foreign peasants or merchants. They unload their goods without paying rights.

January 7th: Beginning of the reign of Charles II of Anjou, the Lame (1254 - 1309), king of Naples and count of Provence. He is then prisoner with Barcelona since 1284. Its release in 1288, it fails in its attempt at reconquest of the Sicily of which it must recognize independence.
April 2nd: Beginning of the Pontificate of Honorius IV (until in 1288).
November 11th: Beginning of the reign of Jacques II the Juste, king of Sicily (fine in 1295).

June 27th: sit of Gérone; the French Army victim of an epidemic of Malaria.
3 - September 4th: naval Battle of Formigues. The Catalan fleet, ordered by the admiral Roger de Lauria, beats that of Philippe III Bold the.
September: the army of Philippe III, to him also reached malaria, is folded up.
October 1st: Battle of the collar of Panissars. End of the Crusade of Aragon.
November 11th: Beginning of the reign of Alphonse III, king d' Aragon (until in 1291). It grants important privileges to the Aragoneses.

With Barcelona, the popular leader Berenguer Oller, directing an insurrection against the Council and the king, lets kill the Juifs of the cal of Castellnou , the juderia near to the cathedral.

October 5th: Beginning of the reign of Philippe IV Beautiful the, king de France (until in 1314).

Philippe Beautiful the is surrounded by a council of “legists” which renews the Roman law and the assistance to promote a new design of the capacity, the Absolutisme. The king does not incarnate either a suzerain, but a sovereign, who knows other authorities only his will.

Enguerrand de Marigny becomes Minister for Finance of Philippe Beautiful the.
Othon IV of Trawl-net, Count Palatine of Burgundy, wife the countess Mahaut d' Artois.
Niort receives from king de France the privileges of a free port.
Under Philippe Beautiful the, the total incomes of the State reaches 46,4 tons of money equivalent including 39% provided by the field, the remainder by “the extraordinary one” (irregular taxes).

Guillaume d' Occam, theologist and Philosopher English, which denied any temporal power with the pope (approximate date, died in 1349).

January 7th: died of Charles Ier of Sicily, usually called Charles Ier of Anjou (° 1227).
March 28th, died of the pope Martin IV
October 5th with Perpignan: died of Philippe III Bold the with the return of the “Crusade of Aragon”.
November 11th: Pierre III of Aragon

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