1259

This page relates to the year 1259 Calendrier Julien.

Events

August 11th: Death of Möngke, 4th supreme Khan of the Mongolian , during a seat during its countryside against the Song. Forwarding takes a favorable turning. The Mongolian troops encircle on three sides the Song army in rout.

Ariq-bögè, young brother of Koubilaï Khan and Möngke is made proclaim large khan with Karakorum. Koubilaï concluded an armistice with the Chinese to go to fight it. The border with China of Song is fixed at the Yangzi Jiang.

the Koryŏ (Korea) is conquered by the Mongols. Kings de Koryŏ find their dominant position under the control of police chiefs resident Mongolian.
to come to end from the endemic revolts to Korea, Koubilaï Khan makes come to the court one from the applicant Korean and his/her daughter in marriage gives him.

has Tunis, the Hafside Al-Mustansir is confirmed in its functions of Caliph by the sherif of Mecque (fine in 1261).

the slave Khârezmien Qutuz (the yak) is proclaimed sultan of Egypt to the favor of a coup d'etat. It calls some with the holy war and the mobilization against the Mongolian . The country is put on the war footing.

September: Houlagou Khan share of Iran for a campaign in Syria decided by the Quriltay of 1251, reinforced by the armies of the vassal countries of which the Armenian Christian troops and géorgiennes. It takes Nusaybin, subjects Edesse and Harran. It sends an ultimatum to Qutuz so that the Egypt is subjected. This one refuses and kills the Mongolian ambassador.

April - May: The prince Jaromar II of Rügen and his army unload in April on Zeeland and plunder Copenhagen in May.
May 29th: Beginning of the reign of Erik V Glipping (the Ladle), king of the Denmark (until in 1286).
December 4th: Treaty of Paris (or Abbeville) marking the end of first the one hundred year old war. Saint Louis returns the Limousin, Périgord, Quercy, Agenais, and part of the Saintonge in England of Henri III, but France preserves the Normandy, the Touraine, the Anjou, the Maine, the Poitou taken with Jean without Ground.

Lawsuit of Enguerrand de Coucy.
Birth with Perugia of the sect nun of the Whipping S, whose members whip themselves in public and announce that the divine ire was going very soon to fall down on the corrupted world (1259 - 1260). Manfred, king of Naples and Sicily, tries to remove the movement because the great number of whipping (up to ten thousand) makes him fear riots in a country torn by the political struggles. The opposition of the king does not put fine at the movement, bus of the groups of disciples already dispersed in Europe. They start to attack the Juifs in good number of cities German and Dutch, as well as the secular Church and authorities which endeavor to prevent their overflows
Following the revolt of the English barons, the king Henri III of England grants the Provisions of Oxford.
Provisions of Westminster which supplements the provisions of Oxford.
Hanseatic League: Lübeck is put at the head of a confederation of seaboard towns on the Baltique (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund) with an aim of fighting the gangsters and the pirates.
Revolt with Novgorod against the census imposed by the Mongolian. Considering those less dangerous than the invaders of the west, Alexandre Nevski protects the envoys from the Horde of Gold.
Mongolian Raid in Lithuania and Poland: The Kiptchak enter in Lithuania then in Poland, set fire to Cracow and force prince Boleslav to flee, advance until in Bytom, and turn over in their camping only after having ransacked the whole country.

January 1st: After the assassination of the regent Georges Muzalon, Michel VIII Paleologist is proclaimed Co-emperor of Nicée.

September: Victoire of Byzance on the Epire and the Sicily with the Battle of Pélagonia.

Guillaume de Villehardouin, prince of Morée, which dreams to conquer all Greece, is beaten by Michel VIII Paleologist with Castoria (autumn). Prisoner during two years, it must yield the principal fortresses of the Peloponnese. To recover them, it calls upon Charles of Anjou which inherits the principality after its death. Charles carries no interest there, just like his successors.

Génois Benedetto Zaccaria (v. 1248 - 1307) and his/her Manuel brother go in the East and obtain from the emperor in stronghold the territory of Phocée which conceals important layers of Alun. They organize the traffic of alum with Genoa and fight against the pirates of Egée.

Book of Justice and Fake .
Route of the heart towards God of Bonaventure.
the pope Alexandre IV approves the Sorbonne.
Thomas d' Aquin is destined for Rome by the pope Alexandre IV, where it is invested function of advising and Master at the papal court (fine in 1268).

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