This page relates to the year 1238 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Asia

• Constitution of a Thai kingdom with Sukhothai in Thailand.
• Beginning of the reign of Jatavarman Sundara, king Pandya in India of the South (until in 1268).
• Beginning of the reign of Narasimhadeva Ier, king of the dynasty Ganga, in the Orissa (fine in 1264).

The Middle East

• Have-Salih Ayyub, governor of ayyoubide Mésopotamie, against the Tartar defends it and takes Damas.

Europe

• August 21st: Battle of Örlygsstaðir, fight of clans in Iceland.

Russia

• Beginning of the Mongolian occupation of the Russia with the catch of Moscow (until in 1242).
• Berke definitively establishes the order in the steppes Kiptchak by pushing the Mongolian domination beyond the the Volga.
• Moscow is devastated by the Mongolian . Vladimir is threatened. The large-prince of Vladimir - Souzdal Georges II (Youri Vsevolodovitch) is withdrawn towards the North-East, beyond the the Volga, but leaves most of the garrison in the city.
• February 7th: The Mongolian take Vladimir and massacre the population.
• February 8th: The Mongolian occupy Souzdal.
• March 4th: Georges II is overcome and killed on the Sit river by the Mongols. Batu walk the following day on Tver and Torjok, which it besieges.
• Mars: Novgorod is saved Mongols by the thaw of the spring which prevents the cavalry from operating in the mud pits.
• Batu turns over towards the south where Khan Kiptchak Kotian is overcome again. It passes in Hungary with 40.000 Kiptchak which mix with the population and are christianized.

• Beginning of the reign of Iaroslav II Vladimirski, wire of Vsevolod, prince of Vladimir.

• the Galicie passes under the authority of Daniel de Volhynie.

Central Europe

• March 19th: Henri II the Piles succeeds his/her father Henri Ier Bearded the and becomes duke of Cracow, duke of Silesia and duke of Large-Poland (fine in 1241).

• municipal Charter granted Trnava, oldest known in Slovakia.

Spain

• April: Beginning of the seat of Valence.
• October 9th: Jacques Ier d' Aragon takes again Valence with the Moors. The Moslems hold nothing any more but the kingdom nasride of Grenade (end in 1492).
• Muhammad Al-Ghalib Billah, founder of the dynasty nasride, chooses Grenade like sits of the government. It begins the construction of the palate of the Alhambra.

Art & culture

• Construction of the Holy-Sophie church to Trébizonde.
• Beginning of the construction of the Holy Vault of Paris under the direction of the architects Pierre de Montreuil and Robert de Luzarches, which will give up the building site in 1241. (completed in 1245).
• Beginning of the construction of the large temple of the sun Sûrya with Konarak, in India (completed in 1264), by the king Narasimhadeva Ier. It marks the apogee of postclassic architecture in Orissa.

Science & technology

• For the first time in the Christian Occident, a Dissection of corpse is authorized by the Germanic emperor Frederic II.
• Appearance of the first mill with paper in France.

Births in 1238

Death in 1238

• March 19th: Henri Ier Bearded the, duke of Cracow.

• Guillaume de Lorris, French poet, author of the first part of the Romance of the Rose .

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