-44

This page relates to the year -44 Calendrier Julien.

Events

July: Return of Cléopâtre {{VII}} to Alexandria after a stay of several years to Rome. Hardly arrival it makes assassinate Ptolémée {{XIV}} '' Philopator {{II}} '', in order to avoid a potential rival with his capacity and its son who has just been born (July 26th).
September 2nd: Beginning of the reign of Ptolémée {{XV}} '' Césarion '' (fine in -30), born in Greece (between June and July) after the departure of Rome, mid-April of his/her mother, Cléopâtre {{VII}} (fine in -30).

Cléopâtre {{VII}} restores the authority of the Egypt on Cyprus that his/her father Ptolémée {{XII}} had yielded to the Romains in -59.
With died of Jules César, Cléopâtre {{VII}} seeks other supports. It supports the fight against the césaricides, but supports however Caius Cassius Longinus under hand.

With Rome, Consul At of Jules César (for the fifth time) and Marc Antoine (first consulate). Suffect: Publius Cornelius Dolabella .

César has a monarchical capacity (the Dominat of Cicéron). It conceives this monarchy like hereditary, to avoid an inescapable civil war after its death. If it does not have wire, but it designates with its succession under imperator its great nephew C. Octavius, the future Auguste, then eighteen years old. Before leaving Rome for its forwarding against the Parthes, it adopts it by will and its heir constitutes it.
It misses with its capacity only the title of king. With the Lupercales of -44, Antoine presents the royal diadem publicly to him, but César does not dare to accept it, fearing the reaction of the public opinion.
César obtains the free provision of the provincial governments, the introduction into all the religious colleges, the right to carry the costume of the former kings, the replacement of the curule Chair by a gold throne, the institution of prayers and wishes for its happiness, creation in its honor of a third brotherhood of Luperques, Luperques Juliens, attribution in the month of its birth of the name of Julius, the dedication of a temple under the name of Jupiter Julius with a flamine charged to serve the worship of it.

March 15th/Ides of march: Jules César is assassinated by Marcus Junius Brutus and Caius Cassius Longinus, was accessory: Caius Cassius Parmensis, Lucius Tullius Cimber, Caius Servilius Casca, Powerful orator of the plebs of the year and Publius Servilius Casca his/her brother, and Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus. It is bored, says one, of twenty-three blows of sword ( You quoque semi fili ).
March 20th: funeral of César.
April 18th: Octave, indicated by César like successor, returns of the East (he refused to go near the legions of Macedonia) to claim its heritage against Marc Antoine.
June: Marc Antoine obtains for five years the government of the Gaulle cisalpine and the transalpine Gaulle.
September 2nd: First Philippique. Cicéron highly attacks Antoine, who supports without perspicacity the young Octave.

In Judaea, after the murder of César, Antipater and its son Hérode {{Ier}} Large the is joined the governor of Syria, Caecilius Bassus, ex-partisan of Pompée. This one hastens to require a tribute 700 talents that Antipater distributes between notable kingdom. Hérode discharges its tribute of 100 talents. Like Malichus, in charge of the area of Gophna, Emmaüs, Lydda and Thamna is long in pouring the tribute, Cassius starts to go on this district, but Antipater prevents it by a payment of 100 talents. Antipater itself falls victim from the jealousy of Malichus which poisons it. Hérode, supported by Cassius which appointed it intendant of Syria, avenges his/her father while making assassinate Malichus close to Tyr (-43).

Sittius, governor Roman of Cirta, is assassinated by a chief numide. These partisans, the Sittiani , however remain in the capital numide and its surroundings, and are at the origin of the Roman colony of Cirta (“ Colonia Julia Juvenalis Honoris and Virtulis Cirta ”).

20 - July 30th: Passage of a Comet in Italy, at the time of the celebration of the birthday of César (July 12th). One makes say that it is the heart of César which went to join the gods.

Be-X-old: 44 дан. э. Simple: 44 BC

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