-404

This page relates to the year -404 Calendrier Julien proleptic.

Events

Fine of the reign of Darius II, king of the Persian (and Pharaon of Egypt).
Beginning of the reign of Artaxerxès II Mnémon (which has memory), king of Perse (fine in -359).

Artaxerxès II escapes an attack from his/her brother Cyrus the Young person, who will be pardoned on the intervention of his mother Parysatis. It essuie a failure during a forwarding in Egypt and loses part of Cyprus, Phénicie and Syria.

Cyrus the Young person finds his command of Sarde where he is opposed to the satrap Tissapherne. The Greeks of Asia then have the possibility of making allegiance with Cyrus (in particular oligarchs, friends of Lysandre), with Tissapherne (often the choice of the democrats), or of waiting.

Beginning of the reign of Amyrtée (XXVIII {{E}} dynasty), Pharaon of Egypt (fine in -399). The Egypt becomes independent of the Perse.

Amyrthée, prince of Know (going down from other Amyrthée revolted in -460), benefitting from died from Darius II and the quarrel of succession which agitates the Persian capacity, releases Egypt of the Persian occupation (-401) and extends its capacity until Éléphantine. It founds XXVIIIe dynasty of which he will be the single Pharaon.

April 22nd: Athens, besieged by Lysandre, famished, capitulates.
Fine of the Peloponnesian War: Sparte takes Athens. It is the beginning of the hegemony of Sparte in Greece (fine in -371).
Peace treaty: Athens is saved and preserves its enclosure (Sparte is wary of Thèbes which wanted, with Corinthe, to shave the city). Only the Long Walls and the fortifications of the Pirée are destroyed. The vessels which remain are delivered, except 12, exiled are authorized to return. Athens becomes allied of Sparte, placed under its hegemony.

Lysandre imposes on Athens the oligarchical council Thirty (Critias, Théramène, etc). Those indicate themselves the 500 members of the Council as well as the magistrates and are surrounded by a guard of 300 “carry-whip”, supplemented later by a garrison Spartan. The Thirty start by massacring the Sycophante S and the “demagogs”. Then they are caught some, partly for financial reasons, with the Métèque S and the rich citizens (1500 people are massacred). A civic body of 3000 citizens, only authorized to remain in Athens and to enjoy legal guarantees, is created. Theramene, which had negotiated the rendering of Athens, is opposed to Critias. Regarded as too moderated, he drinks the conium.
Arrest of Lysias and his/her brother Polémarque by Thirty. Polémarque is put at died but Lysias flees.
Desertion from the 20 000 slave S of the mines of Laurion.
Institution by Sparte of Décarchie S (Oligarchy S extremists controlled by ten people) in democratic in the past cities. The crimes committed by the décarchies are not long in throwing shade on the reputation of Lysandre and that of Sparte.
With the end of the year, the complaints of the satrap Pharnabaze, who reproaches Lysandre for letting plunder his territory, serves as a pretext for the éphore S to recall this last to Sparte. Its adversaries, anxious of its power, also attack its entourage: its lieutenant Thorax, accused of corruption, is condemned to death.

After the Peloponnesian War, if Athens knows a relative stability, many Greek cities tear between the rich citizens, in favor of oligarchy and the poor, which claim the abolition of the debts and the division of the grounds. Because of misery or civil wars, the number of Greek mercenaries multiplies. These men, easily enlisted by whoever with money (Jason de Phères, the Phocidiens, Philippe II of Macedonia, etc) and if not made up bandages some wandering living of plundering, constitute an important factor of political instability.

the doctrines of the heart of Démocrite founds the historical Matérialisme.
Of the statues and the furnace bridges is high in the honor of Lysandre in Sparte and in many cities.
has Athens, the Héliastes are drawn with the fate daily.
the magic practices start to be spread in Attique.
Reliefs out of glazed brick (archers) of the palate of Suse (- 404/-359).

Darius II, king of Perse
Alcibiade is carried out by Persians in Phrygie.
Cléophon, Athenian, enemy politician of Sparte.
Théramène, Athenian politician, dies by drinking the conium after being condemned to died by its adversary Critias.

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