-142

This page relates to the year -142 Calendrier Julien proleptic.

Events

With Rome, Consul At of Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus, L. Caecilius Metellus Calvus.
Censure of Scipion Emilien and L. Mummius. Scipion plays a particularly severe part in the control of the role of the senators and the equestrian order.

Assassination of the king of Syria Antiochos {{VI}}, wire of the usurper Alexandre {{Ier}} Balled, by the general Tryphon who usurps in his turn the throne before being killed to him even by Antiochos VII] in -138.
Cléopâtre III wife her uncle Ptolémée {{VIII}} Évergète {{II}}.

the Juif S under Simon Macchabée release Jerusalem and make their capital of it.
Foundation of the dynasty hasmonéenne, heiress of the Stiffs in Judaea (fine in -63). Simon Hasmonéen high priest ( archiéreus ), military chief ( stratégos ) and political leader ( hègouménos ) of Judaea (fine in -134).

May: Simon Hasmonéen, which succeeded his/her brother Jonathan with the head of the Jews (-143), lines up side of Démétrios {{II}} of Syria and obtains a total handing-over of the taxes and the recognition of Jewish independence. The function of large priest becomes hereditary.
Simon sends embassies to Rome and Sparte to make recognize its title and renew traditional alliances. The Romans recognize officially the Jews like allied and commit themselves supporting the authority of Simon in all the Diaspora, especially in Egypt.
Simon eliminates the last traces from the capacity Séleucide while seizing the garrisons Gazara and the citadel Jerusalem (-141).

After 25 years of fights, the people Juif finds his independence. The country is devastated. The needs for the war and the national unit around Maccabées made pass in the second plan the concern of the respect of the Law and the tradition Jew which had justified the revolt. The title of “high priest”, then of “king” that the hasmonéens are given, which go down neither from Sadoq, nor of David, causes divergent reactions within the group of the Assidéens ( Hasidîm , faithful to the Law). On their side, the Samaritains cut Juifs to try to escape the decrees anti-Jews from Antiochos {{IV}} and are regarded as collaborators pro-hellénistes.

the list of the recipient of the letter of the consul Metellus with the Simon high priest makes it possible to draw a geographical picture of the Diaspora in -142: Mésopotamie, Minor Asia, Egypt (100 000 Jews with Alexandria).

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