Épisome
A épisome is a molecule of DNA circular, extrachromosomic, which can be retorted in an autonomous way, following the example Plasmide. However the épisomes have some Gène S additional coding the synthesis of enzymes of restriction which allow its integration the Chromosome S cellular or bacterial by a recombination épisomale: they are however not regarded as making party of the chromosomal genome.
However it is impossible to differentiate them from the original genetic inheritance of the cell. The only means of detecting the presence of épisomes in the chromosomes are: either to know the sequence of the épisome, or to know the sequence of the original chromosome of the cell.
At all events, the biological interest of the épisome compared to the plasmide is obvious; indeed once integrated into the chromosome of the cell, the transmission of the genetic characters is ensured during division by binary fission or scissiparity (the equivalent of the mitosis at the other cells) of cells mothers in cells girls contrary to the plasmides which are distributed in a random way.
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