The city of Éphèse was one of the shopping malls, policies and the most important monks of the Antiquité.

Geographical location

It is located close to the mouth of the Caystre on the Aegean Sea in modern Turkey. Although it was an important port at the time antique - a description of Éphèse of Pline Old the indicates that “the sea was accustomed to going up to the temple of Diane” - the unit of the zone was gradually ensablé and the city is now with nearly seven kilometers of the Aegean coast.

It is located on the territory of the town of Selçuk .

History

Antiquated and traditional Greece

The protective divinity of the city, or divinity Poliade , was the Déesse Artémis (Diane for the Romains), goddess of hunting and the fruitfulness, in the honor of which were set up three sanctuaries and a splendid temple which belonged to the seven wonders of the world.

The construction of the first began in 550 before J. - C. It was inaugurated in 436 front J. - C. and destroyed in 356 front J. - C. (according to the legend, the night of the birth of Alexandre Large the). The second was built thanks to important gifts out of gold of all the population and was finished in 323 front J. - C. It is this temple which was declared one of the seven wonders of the world  : it was of imposing size (104 meters length for 50 meters broad, the ionic roof being supported by 127 columns 18 height meters S).

Hellenistic time

At the time Hellénistique, Éphèse became the administrative center of the province of Asia. The old city was refondée by Lysimaque; indeed, the town of origin being envasée. The Diadoque embellishes, cleanses and increases the city by transferring the inhabitants to it from Colophon. It counted approximately 100.000 inhabitants then. Its theater could accommodate 24.000 spectateurs.
The shortly after the treaty of Apamée, in -188, the town of Éphèse was integrated into the kingdom of Pergame.

Roman epoch

• In -88 took place the Vêpres of Éphèse , episode where all the Romans of minor Asia were massacred - undoubtedly on the initiative of Mithridate, in order to bind together with him the Greeks in an irreversible way, since they had then to fear the revenge on the Romans: in fact, it was the beginning of a war against the Romans which lasted four years.

• the trade of the city seemed to be articulated around the goldsmiths and of the sculptors of the temple of Diane. Prosperous city, it was appraisal by the Greek and Roman aristocracy.

• In the year 262, the temple was plundered and set fire to by the Goths.

• the 3 {{E}} council ecumenical (known as of Éphèse ) opened in this city the June 22nd 431 at the request of Cyrille of Alexandria to fight the Nestorianisme. Y was proclaimed the divine maternity ( théotokos ) of the Virgin Mary, in the sense that she is regarded by the Christians as the mother not only of Jesus-man, but of Jesus as he is recognized by this confession like " true God and true homme".

Religion

Its decline coincides with the progression of the Christianisme.

According to, the apostle Paul was very active besides there during more than three years and was driven out by it because of the hostility of the merchants ( Acts of the Apostles , chapter 19).

The city is old évêché. It is in the theater that St Paul précha but it was decried by a coalition raised by Démétrius, a jeweller, shouting " Large is Artémis d' Ephèse ".

In the New Testament, it still seems one of the seven cities quoted in the Apocalypse, the city of which the church which “lost its first love” ().

Ephèse today

The site of Ephèse, has centered tourist, made the object of important excavations and restorations for one century. Austrian teams work there since 1895. Important collections of sculptures are with the Ephesus-Museum of Vienna.

The most known monument is the Library of Centigrade, destroyed by a seism at the 10th century, which was gone up on two levels between 1970 and 1978.

Personalities related to the city

• Héraclite was born there.
• Arsinoé IV was to die there. Its tomb was preserved.
• Apollonius de Tyane resided at it and died there about the year 98.
• the Virgin Mary finished her days there, in company of the apostle Jean. It has Éphèse which he wrote his Gospel.
• Xénophon d' Éphèse is the author, undoubtedly in IIe century, of the Roman Greek of Habrocomès and Anthia.
• Seven Door frames of Ephèse (Of the name of the faithful young people monotheists who, refusing to disavow their faith and to adhere to the Paganism then dominating, took refuge in a cave, hoping for the divine help in a way or another. When the young people, accompanied by their Chien woke up of their sleep, believer to have slept a few hours, they realize that in fact, the town of Éphèse had changed whole with the whole: they had slept during… 309 years! And the divine help for them is that the Christianisme became religion of State! This history of the young saints of Ephèse, known initially through Christian accounts, more known with precise details thanks to the account of the 18th Sourate of the Coran was precisely entitled " Caverne".
• the pélagien Célestius became priest with Éphèse towards 415 and was condemned there by the ecumenical Council of 431.

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