Élie (Hebrew: אֵלִיָּהו Eliyahou, “My El is YHWH”; Syriaque īlyā; Arab إِلْيَاس ) is a major Prophète in the Judaïsme, the Christianisme and the Islam.
Prophet of Israel of IXe century before J. - C. after the death of Solomon, quoted in the Coran. He is the spokesperson inspired of the will of God opposite the god of the Cananéen S, Baal. Its biography and that of its successor Elisee are reported in the First book of the Kings and the Second book of the Kings.
Biography
Élie appears to inform Achab, the king of Israel, of occurred of a dryness.
- Élie, Thischbite, one of the inhabitants of Galaad called to Achab: The Eternal is Vivant, God of Israel, from which I am the servant! These years ago neither dew, nor rain, if not with my word.
- 1 Kings (XVII; 1)
Élie leaves towards Sidon where a widow of the town of Sarepta receives it and nourishes it. A miracle takes place then, because the thin provisions of the widow did not become exhausted until the return of the rain ( 1 Kings XVII; 8-16). The son of the widow is falls ill and died. On the prayer of Élie, this one ressuscite ( 1 Kings XVII; 17-24).
God sends Élie on mission near the king Achab. Élie meets a servant of the king named Abdias. This one is terrified because it protected from the prophets whom king Achab wanted to make kill. On the order of Élie and in spite of its fears, Abdias joined the king who comes to the meeting from Élie ( 1 Kings XVIII; 1-17).
Élie reprimand the king to have sacrificed to the god Baal and to have let its wife Jézabel dine with four hundred prophets on Astarté. The king convenes the people and all the prophets on the Mont Carmel. Élie is alone vis-a-vis four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal. Each camp chooses bulls to make of it offering with its god, but without putting fire at it. The priests of Baal are agitated but in vain, fire does not come to consume their offerings. Élie makes a furnace bridge and places the offerings which it makes sprinkle with water by three times. It then makes a prayer and fire falls down on the furnace bridge. Then Élie gives the order to seize priests of Baal and it cuts the throat of them. Élie called to Achab to turn over to Jizreel before the rain does not stop it, and the rain starts to fall ( 1 Kings XVIII; 18-46).
Jézabel then informed Élie that it would make him undergo what it subjected the priests of Baal. Élie flees towards Beer-Sheva in the Royaume of Juda to take refuge there. Élie falls asleep with the foot of a broom. An angel awakes it and offers to him to eat, he eats and rendort. The angel returns and Élie can go thus during forty days. Arrived at the cave of Horeb, Élie takes refuge there. God “That do you make ask him Élie here? ”. God gives the order to Élie of going to Damas for oindre the king of Syria Hazaël, oindre Jéhu as king d' Israël and oindre Elisee to make his successor ( 1 of it Kings XIX; 1-18).
Approximately six years later, it warns Achab and Jézabel of a risk of violent death after Jézabel has operation to monopolize the vine of some Naboth whose it caused death by lapidation by delivering it to crowd (1 Kings XXI). The kingdoms of Israel and Juda are combined to make the war in Syria. During a combat, Achab is killed. His/her Achazia son succeeds to him and makes the same faults with the eyes of Élie ( 1 Kings XXII).
Sick Achazia wants to consult the oracle of Baal. Élie goes to the meeting of the messengers of the king to announce the nearest death of the king to them because he preferred Baal with God of Israel ( 2 Kings I).
Élie is removed with the sky in a swirl and Elisee succeeds to him ( 2 Kings II). This removal of Élie to the sky allows the construction of certain eschatologic scenarios on the return of Élie on Earth. Élie will return before the last judgment:
- Here, I will send Élie, the prophet to you, before the day of the Eternal arrives.
- Malachie (IV: 5) See also William Marrion Branham
Quotations in Tanakh and the Old Testament
There are other named characters Élie in other passages of the Hebraic Bible. It is perhaps the same character, but that causes some problems of chronology.
In the Second book of the Chronicles (XXI; 12-15), some " Élie" warns king de Juda, Joram. If it is the same character, that means that it passed from one kingdom to the other and that it died later that does not imply it the Second book of the Kings .
Quotations in New Testament
Élie is the prophet most frequently quoted in the New Testament.
- the pharisees ask Jean (Jean-Baptiste): “Why thus you baptize, if you are Christ neither Élie, nor the prophet? ”
- Jean (I; 25)
- don't you know what the writing reports of Élie, how he addresses to God this complaint against Israel?
- Epistle with the Romans (XI; 2)
- Élie was a man of the same nature as us; he requested with insistence so that it did not rain during three years. Then he requested again and the sky gave the rain.
- Epistle of Jacques (V; 16)
- And while he (Jesus) requested the aspect of his face changed, and its clothing, of a bright whiteness. And here that two men discussed with him: it was Moïse and Élie which, appeared in glory, spoke about its departure, that it was going to achieve in Jerusalem.
- Luc (IX, 28-32)
In Coran - Prophet of Islam
Allah (تعالى) said: {In the same way, Zacharie, Jean-Baptiste, Jesus and Elie, all being number of people of good.} (Sourate 6: Al-year âm); Verse 85).
Allah (تعالى) said: {Elie was, certainly, of the number of the Messagers. When he says to his people: “You do not fear Allah?”. You will call upon Baal (an idol) and will forsake you Best creators, Allah, your Lord and the Lord of your more former ancestors?”. They treated it of liar. And well, they will be taken along (with the Châtiment). Except the elected servants of Allah. And We perpetuated his reputation in the posterity: “Peace on Elie and its Followers”. Thus we reward the beneficial ones, because it was number of Our servants believers.} (Sourate 37: Have-Sâffât); Verse 123-132).
Place and time of its prophetic mission
The comments of the Coran and the scientists Musulmans agree to consider that the Prophète Elie had been sent by God to the Hebrew which lived in the area of Cham (gathering the current Syria as well as a small portion of the Lebanon and all the current territory of the Jordan and Palestine); Elie lived in the famous city of Baalbek (ba' lbakka in Arab) located in the east of current the Lebanon, close to the Syrian border. He would have lived at the ninth century before Jesus-Christ.
In arts
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Élie is the subject of the oratorio of Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy: Elijah (1846).
- the episode of the Dream of Élie was treated by the painters and the sculptors (Philippe de Champaigne, Mans, museum of Tessé)
- the removal of Élie to the skies is a topic of tables and icons.
- “Transfiguration” is a topic of paintings and icons.
According to the Church of Jesus-Christ of the Saints of the Last Days
Prophet of the Old Testament, by this Élie Church will return in the last days to confer the keys of the capacity of sealing on Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery. From its time, Élie exerted its ministry in the kingdom of Israel (1 Kings 17 - 2 Kings 2). It had a great faith with the Lord, known for his many miracles - it prevented the rain from falling during three years and half; it ressuscita a young boy and reduced the fire of heaven (1 Kings 17-18). The Jewish tradition awaits the return of Élie (Malachie 3:23). There remains the guest at the time of the Jewish holiday of Passover, where an open door and an unoccupied seat always await it.
Joseph Smith, founder (prophet) of the Church of the Saints of the Last Days, said that Élie held the capacity of sealing of the priesthood of Melchisédek as a last prophet to hold it before Jesus-Christ. He appeared on the mountain of Transfiguration with Brace and conferred the keys of the priesthood on Pierre, Jacques and Jean (Matthieu 17:3). By Smith, it appeared on April 3rd, 1836 again, with Moïse and others, on the temple of Kirtland, in Ohio, and conferred the same keys on Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery (D&A 110:13 - 16, in Doctrine and Alliances). All that was in the sight of the second arrival of the Lord, as mentioned in Malachie 3:23 - 24.
The capacity of Élie is the capacity of sealing of the priesthood by which what dependant or is untied on the ground is bound or untied in sky (D&A 128:8 - 18). The servants whom the Lord chose today ici-bas have this capacity of sealing and achieve the saving ordinances of the Gospel for the alive ones and deaths (D&A 128:8).
According to the Samaritans
The Samaritains are populations currently living in Israel and the West Bank. For them, it is the Mont Garizim and not Jerusalem which is the principal holy place of the Hebraic religion. According to the second from their seven chronicle, “it is Elie which caused the schism by establishing with Silo a sanctuary with an aim of replacing the sanctuary of the Mont Garizim”.
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