Élicitation

In Linguistic, the elicitation is the incentive of a Locuteur with another to rule on various assumptions, i.e. to bring at his place action to its competence/performance. One resorts to strategies to know the reaction of the speakers.

In Knowledge management , " éliciter" is the action to help an expert to formalize his knowledge to allow to safeguard them and/or divide them. That or that which elicit thus will invite the expert to make his knowledge tacit in explicit knowledge as as possible (and thus easier to transmit). This explicit knowledge could be divided via a library, a document management or during a formation, whereas tacit knowledge must be transmitted by the training or at least of the formations with setting in situation. Eliciter very often amounts formalizing a mode of reasoning. The elicitation is often impossible to circumvent owing to the fact that an expert is seldom enough pedagog to organize and ensure itself the division of his Knowledge. It is necessary to acknowledge in addition that the retention of information makes safe it naturally: to share its knowledge thus becomes very often a step " against nature". Lastly, the elicitation belonging to phase 5 of the " method 7D" (Knowledge Methodology Management - km) with the Strategy of Expertise , it forces as a preliminary to have identified the " experts utiles" for the community concerned. This phase of Localization of Expertise is a completely new field in control of computing project and request of very specific competences which do not have any relationship with the knowledge to make in project management or information system (IS). The project control of Knowledge management is thus a complex field which forces to join together expertises of very different nature… and especially of a complementarity essential to the attack of the objective.

In Artificial intelligence , the elicitation makes it possible to formalize the reasoning of the expert in an inference engine (brain of a computer), thus giving the possibility artificially of reproducing the analysis of the situation and the decision making of the expert. The Knowledge management then makes it possible to protect Knowledge from the company, element of sound Intellectual patrimony , representing itself part of the Culture of the company.

In Pedagogy, the elicitation obliges with much empathy and almost always to control a intercultural step (very different mental approach often culturally between an expert and a user). It is by using the approaches of the " Modern Pedagogy " that one can clearly improve the rate of transfer of Knowledge (pedagogy combining the principle of the 2 brains and that of the 3 cortices, or " Enneagramme"). It will thus be necessary to know to adapt to the mental step of the expert for better including/understanding his reasoning (very often using technical behavioral ), and using of a strong teaching universality to find a real motivation on the side of those which will receive knowledge. This context motivationnel then allows the optimization of the receptivity of the member elects and brings a much stronger adhesion to the division of the expertise concerned, even with a real activation of relay making it possible to mitigate a potential absence of the expert ( Risk management concerning the intellectual patrimony of a company or more generally of a community).

In Biology, the elicitation is the activation of a process of défence following the recognition of a elicitor related to the attacker (produced by the attacker or resulting from the aggression). One often speaks about elicitation in the interaction between plants and pathogenic.

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