Édom is people mentioned in the Bible, now missing from current the Ground of Israel. Its ancestor founder is Esaü, brother of Jacob (Israel). Historical enemy of Israel with Moab and Amen, it however has to belong to the assembly of Israel as of the third generation, contrary to the two last.
Il is allegorically identified in the Jewish tradition with the Roman empire, and later, with Christendom.
Édomites are sometimes called Iduméens.
Origin and settlement
Édom means “russet-red”, or Hebrew “red” in , because Ésaü, first-born from the twins of Isaac and Rebecca, is born covered with a red fleece. According to another etymology, Esaü would have received this nickname after having sold its right of seniority against a red dish of lenses.
Édomites are also called Iduméens in the texts gréco-Romans. Egyptian documents of the end of the XIII E and beginning of mention their existence. They occupy an area included/understood of the south of the Dead Sea until the accesses of the gulf of Aqaba.
La list of kings d' Édom mentioned in the Genèse lets suppose that it acts more than one confederation of princes reigning each one on their city that of a line of monarchs with whole share. It is estimated that Édomites come to occupy the site of Pétra as of thousand-year-old Ier. They occupy and arrange the heights of Umm el Biyara, where one found vestiges of houses and cisterns dated from the VII E
One knows few things about the occupation of Pétra by Édomites, but they left the memory of wise people, manufacturing textiles and ceramics of quality and having a certain control in the work of metals.
Wars against Israel
Being pressed on a territory easy to defend, enriched by tolls or plundering by the caravans which forward the East towards the Egypt, Édom is a constant enemy of Israel. Several passages of the Old Testament attest of a tough hatred between the two people (II Kings, II Chronicles, Psaumes CXXXVII, Abdias; Jeremy). Towards 845 av. J. - C., united with other Arab tribes, Édomites plunder the palate of Jerusalem. 50 or 60 years later, Amasias seizes their fortress called “the Rock”. Édomites release from the supervision Jew towards 735 av. J. - C. and take part in the invasion of Jerusalem carried out by Babylonian the Nabuchodonosor to the Life front century J. - C. the Judaea NS being taken along in exile to Babylon, Édomites come to settle in the area of Hebron and give up the site of Pétra to the profit of the Nabatéens.
The fortress of Sela
The Hebrew word Sela means “the Rock” and appoints in the Bible (II Kings, XIV, 7; Isaïe, XVI, 1) the fortress édomite that the historians identified a long time with Pétra where with Bosra. One agrees from now on to locate Sela more at north, with approximately 10 kilometers in the south of Tafila. Amasias seizes some and made there 10.000 prisoners whom its men throw alive top of the mountain. Jérémie and Abdias challenges Édomites while saying: “You who residences in the slits of the rock”.
Conversion with the Judaism
After the conquests Hasmonéen born from Jean Hyrcan Ier, Édomites, or Iduméens, are converted with the Judaïsme by the new capacity, seems it under the constraint. Conversion however seems to have been finally sincere, since more than 150 years after this one, 20.000 Iduméens would have joined the Jews to fight the Romans during the First war judéo-Roman. After this date, the texts do not mark any more differences between Jews and iduméens.
Hérode the Large one
One of most famous Édomites of the passage to the Christian era, by his/her father Antipater, is the king of Judaea, Hérode Large the.
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