The Èbre ( Spanish Ebro in , Catalan Ebre in ) is most powerful of the Spanish Fleuve S . Its length is of 928 km and its catchment area has 85  550 km ² of superficie.

Geography

Source

Until little, its source was located at Fontibre (Latin , Fontes Iberis , “sources of Èbre”, in Greek, Έβρος ), with 880 meters of altitude, close to Reinosa in the autonomous community of Cantabrie. One estimates today that Èbre occurs in the sources of the Híjar, at Peñalabra, with 1  980 m of altitude and 27 km upstream of Reinosa.

Cours and mouth

Its higher course fits in remarkable throats. It crosses the Cantabrie, the Castille-and-León, Castille it Manche, Rioja, the Navarre, the Aragon and the autonomous Communauté of Valence before being thrown in the the Mediterranean in Catalogne, by a large delta of 320 km ² close to Amposta (Province of Tarragone), where the Ile of Buda divides the current into two principal arms (northern Golas and south). The very abundant alluvia that it carts advance this delta deeply in the mer.
Nearly 20% of the delta are natural zones. The Natural park of the delta of Èbre was created in 1983 by the province of Catalonia at the request of the inhabitants of the commune of Deltebre. It constitutes the wetland most important of Catalonia with an total surface area of 7  802 ha.

River mode

Èbre is a river with important flow, with the irregular character. At the end of the summer occur significant low water level S in all the basin leading to flows of a tenth of the medium flow. During the winter a secondary low water level intervenes, resulting from the snowfalls concerning most of its basin, since its mode is rainy, accumulating the great hydraulic reserves of the Pyrenees, and to a lesser extent of the Cantabrian Mountains and the Iberian Système. In spring, with the precipitation and snow melt, it is with its maximum flow. It reaches its second maximum with the autumn, on arrival of the pluies.
The most important risings of its high and average courses intervene at the end of the winter, during the snowfalls of low altitude followed by the thaw, especially if this one is accompanied by rains which accelerate the cast iron. At the time of these risings, they are the left affluents, such as Zadorra, the EGA, Arga and Aragon, which play the most important part. Thus the most significant risings were noted with Castejón, in Ribarra Navarrese, like with the accesses of Saragossa.
Flow downstream is controlled by the marshes of Ribarroja and Mequinenza, although risings can always occur, caused by the thaw of the Pyrenean affluents such as the Sègre, the Cinca, the Noguera Pallaresa and the Noguera Ribagorzana, or low by the influence of the arrival of the autumnal rains on the affluents of the downstream. In spite of these overflows and floods, it is nowadays the intermediate course of the river which more suffered of believed from XXIe siècle.
The irregularity of Èbre is such as with Deltebre one noted a flow of 32 m ³ /s in period of dryness and points with 10  000 m ³ /s at the time of some raw. Upstream, one could measure higher capacities with 1  000 m ³ /s with Miranda del Ebro. In the intermediate course, a maximum of 4  950 m ³/S.A. noted in 1961 with Castejón.
The principal floods with Saragossa since the end of the XIXe century were:

• March 1888: 3  760  m ³ /s
• January 1891: 3  250  m ³ /s
• February 1892: 3  790  m ³ /s
• January 1895: 3  118  m ³ /s
• March 1930: 3  600  m ³ /s

• December 1930: 3  000  m ³ /s
• October 1937: 3  000  m ³ /s
• January 1941: 4  000  m ³ /s
• February 1952: 3  260  m ³ /s
• January 1961: 4  130  m ³ /s

• November 1966: 3  154  m ³ /s
• January 1981: 2  940  m ³ /s
• February 2003: 2  988  m ³ /s
• March 2003: 2  220  m ³ /s
• April 2007: 2  282  m ³ /s

Crossed areas

The river sprinkles Miranda de Ebro (Castille-and-León), Logroño (Rioja), Tudela (Navarre), Saragossa (Aragon). Its course was arranged (channels imperial and of Tauste, and stoppings of the Èbre , Mequinenza and Ribarroja ) for the electrical production, the irrigation and the Riz iculture. The medium flow was into 1971 of 11 m ³ /s in Reinosa, 81 m ³ /s in Miranda de Ebro, 300 m ³ /s with Saragossa and 614 m ³ /s in Tortosa. The intensive irrigation since still reduced these values. With the mouth, the flow should be 745 m ³ /s against 426 m ³ /s in 1994.

Sprinkled cities

• Miranda de Ebro
• Logroño
• Tudela
• Saragossa
• Tortosa

Hydroelectric production

The Hydroélectricité of the basin provides to Spain 50% of its electricity. The list below is not exhaustive:

• 74 power stations in the Province of Huesca, a working installed capacity of 847.297 kw and of a production of 2  787  000  000 kW/h.
• 30 power stations in the Province of Saragossa, a power of 372.437 kw a production of 761  000  000 kW/h.
• 34 power stations in the Province of Teruel, a working installed capacity of 24.135 kw and of a production of 28  000  000 kW/h.

History

The name comes from the Latin Iberus which indicated it in Antiquity. One can note that the term Basque ibar means “shore” or “bank”.
The river gave their name to the people of the Ibères, and, the Iberian adjective .
The Traité of Iber (- 226) seems to refer to this river. (There remain some doubts.)
During the War of Spain, Èbre was the theater of the one of the battles S most important.

Principal affluents

Left affluents

Right affluents

Marsh and stoppings

• Stopping of Èbre upstream
• Stoppings of Mequinenza and Ribarroja downstream.

Channels

• Channel of Lodosa
• Imperial Channel of Aragon
• Channel of Tauste
• Channel of Bardenas Reales
• Channel of Monegros
• Channel of Cinca
• Channel of Aragon and Catalogne

See too

• List of rivers in the world

Be-X-old: Эбра Simple: Ebro

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