The agglomeration of Çatal Hüyük located in the plain of Konya, in Anatolia central, on the river banks Çarşamba was the greatest Neolithic site of the Middle East. It was founded towards 7000 before J. - C. and became an important center only between -6500 and -5700.

With its apogee, it covered 13 hectares, and was a prosperous agglomeration and was to count a thousand of families, that is to say a population of about 5000 people, which was considerable at the time.

The city had an organization and a worked out culture, maintaining a trade long distances and a craft industry of quality. It contained sanctuaries with murals, figurines and burials, with a complex religious life.

In the surrounding countryside, one cultivated the Blé, the Orge, the garden peas, the Chick-pea S, the lens S, the Vesce S, and one gathered there the Pomme S, the Pistache S, the bay S, the almond S and the nipple S. the meat was provided by fishing and drives out (stag, Sanglier, Onagre). Whereas the area allows a dry agriculture, one notes a water handling undoubtedly necessary for the culture of the flax or obtaining a better output for cereals.

The site was a center of exchanges of many goods (wood, Obsidienne of the volcano Hassan Dağ , Silex, Cuivre, shells of banks of the the Mediterranean), and its craftsmen controlled the copper smelting (older certificate of the metallurgy in the Middle East) and had specialized in many productions: arrowheads, spearheads, daggers of obsidian and flint, masses of stone weapons, terracotta and stone figurines, textiles, Ceramic crockery of wood and , jewels (copper pearls and pendentive).

The houses were tight the ones against the others, without streets, nor passage, only accessible by wood scales laid out of place in place. They were built raw bricks covered with coating and generally included/understood a part common from 20 to 25 m ² and accompanying documents. The principal part had of benches and platforms to sit down and sleep, of a raised rectangular hearth and an arched baker's oven.

The many sanctuaries differed from the houses by their decoration of murals, modelled reliefs, craniums the aninaux one and figurines. The bodies of deaths were deposited under the platforms of rest in the sanctuaries and the houses, and piled up during the years and of the generations, which lets suppose a very elaborate Culte of the ancestors. Before being buried, accompanied by invaluable objects, the bodies of deaths were entrusted to the vultures and the Insecte S necrophagous.

The murals suggest a Culte of fruitfulness of the woman, with the often pregnant goddesses or parturients (woman being confined), accompanied by leopards and symbolizing bulls the gods. The reliefs could also represent centres of women. The walls of certain houses are covered with painting with scenes of hunting, bulls, stags, rams, vultures and men without head, sometimes of the geometrical reasons; on the walls are modelled in relief of the female characters or the animals and on the low walls delimiting the benches, of the clay bucranes equipped with true horns.

The most current diseases from which the population suffered were the Anémie, the Arthrite and the Malaria endemic arrival of the close marshes. The Middle Age was 34 years for the men and 29 years for the women, but certain individuals could arrive at about sixty.

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