Ægyptiaca is the history of the ancient Egypt, in thirty volumes, written in Greek by the Egyptian priest Manéthon (III E), at the request of Ptolémée {{Ier}}.

In this document, Manéthon divides the history into thirty Dynastie S of sovereign of Egypt, division always used since by the Egyptologist S.

To carry out this chronology, the sources of Manéthon are multiple; as a priest, it had access to the royal lists of the bibiliothèques of the temples. By recutting information of varied sources (popular legends, tales), it is, for the first time in Egypt, a chronology which is not that of the royal lists " officielles".

This document, missing, are unfortunately known only by quotations fragmentary and often deformed by the successive historians:

• Sextus Julius Africanus wrote a work in five volumes Chronographiai , gathering the Egyptian chronology, Greek mythology and the Jewish history, seeking only to guarantee the Christian chronology by preserving only the framework of the work of Manéthon;
• Flavius Josèphe is interested only in what refers to the Hebrews and the Jewish people.